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Pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokines genes drive prostate cancer progression and metastasis: molecular mechanism update and the science that underlies racial disparity

Isaac J. Powell

In 2010 we reported prostate cancer grows more rapidly in African American men (AAM) than in European American men (EAM) and/or can have earlier transformation from latent to aggressive prostate cancer. In that report, an autopsy study was conducted among AAM and EAM who died from causes other than PCa. PCa started at the same time among men but reached distant disease at a three-fold greater rate and at a younger age among AAM than EAM accounting for the mortality rate disparity. Castrate resistant PCa is responsible for death from this disease and there is growing genetic evidence to support racial disparity of castrate resistant PCa and mortality rate [1].